 **For downloading image in jpg format go through this link:- |
| https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1RoYKr-fP-fv7-hd_yHJtPDcj_On4S_N6 |
http://cu.ac.bd/eee/
Friday, July 19, 2019
Logo of EEE department of University of Chittagong(CU),designed by Joydip Kar (Nirjhor),15th batch,EEE department of CU
http://cu.ac.bd/eee/
Thursday, November 15, 2018
First Satellite of Bangladesh
Bangabandhu-1
The Bangabandhu
Satellite-1 is the first Bangladeshi geostationary communications and
Broadcasting Satellite. Bangabandhu Satellite-1 was launched at 20:14 UTC on May 11, 2018,on a
SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle at the Kennedy Space Center[1]. With the
launch of Bangabandhu-1, Bangladesh became the 57th country in the world and
fourth in South Asia -- after India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka -- to have its own
satellite in space.It will continue its journey from a geostationary orbit, often referred to as a
geosynchronous equatorial orbit(GEO), is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786
km (22,236 mi) above Earth's equator.
The Bangabandhu satellite, Bangladesh’s
first, received the green light at a cabinet meeting in 2015. BTRC signed a
loan deal worth Tk 20 billion with Thales Group to buy 'satellite systems.'[2]
Thales Alenia Space was selected as prime contractor
to provide turnkey systems, including design, production, testing services for
the BD-1 satellites, in November 2015. The scope of the contract also includes
the development of ground segment. Bangabandhu-1 launched from Kennedy Space
Center on Merritt Island, Florida, USA and utilizes ground control stations
built by Thales Alenia Space with its partner Spectra in Betbunia, and Gazipur.
Bangladesh Government formed a Government
owned Bangladesh Communication Satellite Company Limited, BCSCL with the aim to
operate the Bangabandhu Satellite-1. The project is being implemented by
Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) working hand-in-hand
with US based Space Partnership International, LLC. and was the first payload
launched by a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket of SpaceX.
Satellite's
position
The satellite is expected to be located at
the 119.1° East longitude geostationary slot. Now the satellite is located at
119.1°E longitude orbital position and provides broadcasting and
telecommunication services to rural areas in Bangladesh. It also supports
profitable services, including direct-to-home (DTH) services.
BS-I Footprint
Bangladesh will operate satellite from
119.1 degree East using a payload comprising 14 C-Band and 26 Ku-Band
transponders to deliver focused telecommunications coverage to Bangladesh. One
transponder is equivalent to 36 MHz. Ku-band will cover Bangladesh and its
territorial area of the Bay of Bengal, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri
Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines.
On the other hand, C-band will cover
Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines, Myanmar, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri
Lanka, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan,
and portions of Kazakhstan.[3]
Bangabandhu-1 satellite design and development
Thales Alenia Space was selected as prime
contractor to provide turnkey systems, including design, production, testing
services for the BD-1 satellites, in November 2015. The scope of the contract
also includes the development of ground segment.
BD-1 satellite’s communications module
integration work was carried out at Thales Alenia Space plant located at
Toulouse in France. The critical design review (CDR) of BD-1 satellite was
completed in January 2017. The service module for the satellite was
manufactured at Cannes and satellite mating was completed in March 2017.[4]
Thales Alenia Space Belgium, Thales Alenia
Space Italia and Thales Alenia Space España were also involved in the
development of the satellite and the ground components.
Based on Spacebus 4000B2 platform
developed by Thales Alenia Space, the BD-1 satellite has a launch mass of
3,500kg. It includes two deployable
solar arrays with batteries. The spacecraft has a designed lifespan of 15
years.
BD-I budget
Bangabandhu-I project was endorsed by the
government in May 2015, and it assigned the Thales Alenia by signing a US$
248-million deal in November same year.
Recognizing the importance of the
satellite launching preparatory activities,
BTRC formulated a project with the title “Preparatory functions and
Supervision in Launching a Communication and Broadcasting Satellite”-which was
then approved by the government on 26 January, 2012 with an estimated project
cost of Taka 8,681.51 lakh and with an implementation tenure from 01 July, 2011
to 30 June, 2015.
As the allotment process of orbital
position and relevant frequencies from ITU is very complex and Bangladesh had
no previous experience in satellite launching activities, the need of expert
consultant to assist in the primary activities was highly felt, and a USA based
consultancy firm Space Partnership International (SPI), was appointed under the
project on 29 March, 2012 following proper rules and regulation.[5]
Communication capabilities of BD-1 satellite
The BD-1 satellite is fitted with 26
Ku-Band and 14 C-Band transponders. The major applications of the spacecraft
include DTH, very small aperture terminal (VSAT) communications, backhaul and
trunking, network restoration, and disaster preparedness and relief.
The primary service area (PSA) of the
satellite is Bangladesh and neighbouring countries, while its secondary service
areas (SSA) include South East Asia, Europe, Middle East and North Africa
(MENA), as well as East Africa.
Purchasing of orbital slot for BD-1
Russia wasn't involved with the launch,
but rather with the location in the GEO belt where the satellite will
eventually be located once it completes its orbit raising. The apportioning of
those slots as well as other issues relating to use of radio spectrum and
frequency on the international level are managed/controlled via the ITU
(International Telecommunications Union) which is a UN agency. It basically
ensures that radio spectrum usage doesn't result in interference between
different countries. So, bangladesh purchased a slot from a Russian company for
15 years who had a slot (presumably acquired through Russia) in a more suitable
location.
Launching BD-1
It is the first payload to be launched
using the new Block 5 model of the rocket.
The satellite was originally slated to
launch May 10, 2018. However, the rocket carrying the payload triggered an
automatic abort as it entered internal power and control at T-58 seconds. Soon
after, the rocket launch was pushed back 24 hours, and it was finally launched
on May 11, 2018.[6]
Bangabandhu-1 had been previously
scheduled to fly on an Arianespace Ariane 5 ECA but Ariane was unable to meet
the contractual launch date, which enabled the launch to be switched to its
backup launcher, SpaceX. After launching the satellite, Bangladesh began to receive test signal
from it on May 12, 2018.
Satellite operation
Falcon 9 rocket of SpaceX will lift the
3.5-metric tonne Bangabandhu-I communications satellite from the Cape Canaveral
launching pad and it will take eight days to reach its orbital slot.
The satellite will be controlled by two
ground stations, which will be used for primary and back-up site operations and
control centres. The survey for site selection for the construction of the
ground control stations has been completed.
Thales Alenia Space will provide tools for
the ground segment for the mission planning and space operations monitoring. It
will also build two ground facility buildings, which will house satellite
control and network operations centre. Spectra Engineers was contracted to
execute civil works of the ground facilities. Thales Alenia Space will look
after the satellite for the first three years including local officials after
it’s launched.
BD-1 satellite launch vehicle details
The satellite was launched on-board Falcon
9 version 1.2 rocket. The launch operations were conducted from the SpaceX
launch site at Cape Canaveral, Florida, US.Falcon Heavy launch vehicle is being
developed by Space Exploration Technologies (SpaceX), for heavy-lift space
launch missions. It is expected to become the world’s most powerful rocket in
service, when operational in 2015.The launch vehicle can carry satellites or
interplanetary spacecraft weighing more than 53t (117,000lb) to low Earth orbit
(LEO) and geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO), which is more than twice the
capacity of the Delta IV Heavy launch vehicle.
About 45 minutes after launch, the
satellite started sending signals to the SpaceX's three ground stations in the
US, Italy, and South Korea, then after
several times the controlling power had been hand overed to another authority.[7]
Ground control station
The satellite is controlled by two ground
stations, which are used for primary and back-up site operations and control
centres.
Thales Alenia Space provided tools for the
ground segment for the mission planning and space operations monitoring. It
also built two ground facility buildings, which
house satellite control and network operations centre.
Spectra Engineers was contracted to
execute civil works of the ground facilities.A ground station has been built in
Bangladesh to control the satellite at Gazipur. A backup ground station was
also built at Betbunia, Rangamati.
 |
| fig. :Gazipur ground station |
Importance
of BD-1
Faster broadcasting
system:-
Direct-to-Home services always provide
faster access to worldwide television entertainment.
Currently, there are only two companies
that have licence from the government. These are Beximco and Buyer Media
Limited.
Before, the operators conducted a monopoly
business. Now there will be a big change and easier, faster access to global TV
entertainment will be ensured.
The satellite will make video distribution
easier too. The broadcasters can effortlessly distribute their content to
intermediaries like cable TV network operators or re-broadcasters like DTH
operators.
The satellite will have VSAT private
networks consisting of voice, data, video and internet services to the banks,
corporate offices etc. The service will be delivered using Ku-Band in the
Bangladesh and the India Plus coverage regions and using C-Band beams,
according the BTRC.
Other services:-
In the event of unexpected disasters
hitting the country, telecommunication system in Bangladesh might be
unavailable. During such emergency situations, satellite network can play an
important role in ensuring uninterrupted telecommunication services in the
country.
The remote areas of the country like the
coastal area will have much better internet connectivity, thanks to the BS-1. BTRC
chairman Shahjahan Mahmood told the Dhaka Tribune: “The Bangabandhu Satellite
will help to make Bangladesh an advanced country. It would also speed up many
aspects of our daily life.”[8]
· In
addition to television channels, 40 types of services, including Internet
service providers, V-Sat and Wireless, will be available through this
satellite.
· When the
satellites are fully operational, all types of services, including the Ground
System of Geoscipronas Satellite System, will be available to provide
telecommunication and broadcasting services in some of the surrounding
countries
· There
will be a total of 40 transponders of Bangabandhu satellite. Of these 20
transponders will be kept for use in Bangladesh. The remaining 20 transponders
will be kept for sale to any foreign company.
· Currently,
television channels of the country are being operated with satellite rentals
from different countries including Singapore. For this, the expenditure is
approximately 125 crore taka The cost will be reduced when Bangabandhu
Satellite is launched. At the same time the country's money will remain in the
country.[9]There
is also the possibility of foreign currency earnings by renting satellite
waves.
· Bangabandhu-1
satellite will provide the connectivity to around 39,000 ships in the Bay and
the inland ports of the country in a year.Bangladesh Communication Satellite
Company Limited (BCSCL) signed a memorandum of understanding with the shipping
ministry to make the efforts a success. This agreement would help the vessels to
maintain uninterrupted communication with each other and prevent collisions,
enable access to internet and many more facilities, the secretary added[10]. Alongside the
vessels, the facilities can also be availed by the inland river ports, ferry
ghats and other riverside establishment.
Reference
1.
https://www.thedailystar.net/space-science/bangladesh-bangabandhu-1-satellite-launching- kennedy-space-centre-invites-visitors-1573690
Official SpaceX
Photos
END.
Monday, August 22, 2016
ITS technology for decreasing road accident
 |
| Smart road & ITS project |
To decrease road accident 'Crash Prediction Model' is followed by the developed countries.After investigating the reason behind accidents of past, they find out the important probable reason and probability of this kind of occurrences.
In developed countries they used 'Loop Detector' sensor,radar in their high-ways.By the way for using crash prediction model in the high-way roads we need the Data about speed,Flow & Density of vehicles as well as it is essential to receiving update of 'Geometric & Weather' data continuously.For investigating the previous and posterior condition as well as the time of an accident,they use 'Pre-crash Prediction Model'.As a result they can reached the views about that,what should they have to do for decreasing road accident in next time.This strategic technology is used for 'Smart Road' in developed countries.Although this models were helpful,but applying this models their had not stop accident significantly.
So,now they have made a new branch named of 'INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM(ITS).It's a conjoint state of Computer,Electronics,Communication Technology.Management strategy,Mental behavior of driver,Transportation and traffic engineering,Infrastructural engineering.
Division of ITS :-ITS has divided into 8 parts.They are-
1.Travel management .
2.Public bus operation.
3.Electronic payment process.
4.Advance vehicle control and safety management.
5.Commercial vehicle operation.
6.Information management &
7.To apply in emergency needs.
Most relevant part of ITS:-
1.Smart car & Smart road.
2.Infrastructure to Infrastructure(I2I) communicator.
3.Vehicle to Infrastructure(V2I) communicator
4.Vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communicator etc.
 |
| Smart vehicles |
Using Software for ITS Project:-
1.CUBE.
2.DYNASIM.
3.PARAMICS.
4.TRANSCAD &
5.VISSIM etc.
With this kinds of software ITS company can make communication plan of any city.
Sunday, August 14, 2016
Latest 3D-printer technology and future world
 |
| demo of 3d printing |
The issue of latest 3D-printer technology is a continues growing process . The demand of digital innovation increasing year on year . Technology is developing to satisfy human desires.This is due to the fact that people are continuing in seeking ways to integrate everyday object into the digital world in order to eliminate the gap between the digital world and physical world................
Initially, Now a days digital technology have made our daily lives much less laborious and give us more free time. For example , if we wanted to communicate with one another in the past , we had to write a letter , take it to post office and than wait for it to be delivered, whereas these day we can simply tap the email icon on our touch screen and send a message within a second..!
Moreover , There has lots of Things which is related with digital technology, such as " 3D printers , Genetic , Organic , physical innovation etc.Furthermore, 3D printers is very recent innovation. 3D printing long ago moved from being theoretical to a reality, and in recent years 3D printers have become cheaper to produce; several models are now available for sale, as well as designs for products. Experts predicts Latest 3D-printer technology will be common in homes in coming years. Inventor of 3D printer: 'Chuck Hull' is the chief technology
officer of 3D systems as well as the contriver of the solid imagining process known as 'Stereolithography Apparatus'(SLA).He is also the co-founder executive vice president of 3D system who first invented SLA machine in 1983.20+ uses of latest 3D printer technology :-
* 3D printers making medical science more as possible wider. For instance,Digital X-ray, X-ray-vision,T-Shirt Shows inner Workings of the human Body. Following this , Doctor can use 3D - print micro - Organs with new technique. !
*The new product is like a magic lens combined with a teleportation experience that helps kids unlock their full learning potential.
* pen for 3D printers : A company called 3Doodler has transformed the standard 3D printer into a pen, allowing people to draw 3D creations freely in the air — without the need for a computer or any software...!
* 3D printing’s uses range from practical objects for everyday use to commercial products and parts used in manufacturing, plus the technology holds promise for bio-printing of human parts for medical purposes.
*By using a new devise called 3D-bioprinter scientists can now print human-size bones,cartilage and muscle.The tissue and organ structures produced by the printer could one day be used to replace injured or diseased tissues in human patients.
The demand for engineered tissues and organs has been on the rise as well as pregnant way to make these tissues and organs is through the use of 3D bioprinters, which can lay cells down onto a scaffold in layers, in specific patterns.
Although scientists had previously engineered relatively simple tissues in the lab, those tissues were not strong enough to be intromit in the body, or they did not re-create enough of the complexity of real human tissues to be useful, the researchers said. Senior study author Dr. Anthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, said in a statement. "It can fabricate stable, human-scale tissue of any shape.Now a days Surgeons are using new, highly accurate 3D printers to guide face transplantation.
* For creating 3D-printed hair, or hair-like structures, which can be used in a wide range of forms and functions. Beyond the aesthetic petition of individual hairs, the 3D-printed version could be designed for connecting, moving or even sensing other objects.
It all starts with making a virtual design of the object you want to make. This virtual design is for a CAD (Computer Aided Design) file. This CAD file is created using a 3D modeling application or with a 3D scanner (to copy an existing object). A 3D scanner can make a 3D digital copy of an object.
*Now a days companies like Microsoft and Google enabled their hardware to perform 3D scanning, for example Microsoft’s Kinect. In the near future real objects into 3D models will become as easy as taking a picture. Future versions of smartphones will probably have integrated 3D scanners.
*Now a days, A user can simply upload and save a GPS track to the project's website, and Nice Trails will create a 3D-printed facsimile of the path and the surrounding country. The company said it takes some times to produce each customized trophy, and the models can include such details as lakes, forested areas, grasslands and snow cover — with the GPS path traced in red.
[See how a 3d printer works]
[See how a 3d printer works]
Eventually, Digital technology makes earth more closer and easier.. Thus , Mankind have to take all positive side and use for positive purposes.. !
what is the price of 3d printer?
What are the top 3d printer of 2016?
Read about the other topics of science- 'plastic degradation' ;
https://www.banglanews24.com/daily-chittagong/news/bd/715542.details
Saturday, August 13, 2016
Benefits of meditation & advantages of it
As a student of science we believe the first portion of this proclamation.But we have some problems to take the second portion of this proclamation without doubt.because we don't want to synthesize Religion & Science together.Even we don't try to controvert about that kinds of phenomena which seems unbelievable to us after seeing. By the way,MEDITATION is that kind of burning topic of new era.
In 19th century ,16 march ,at first a gentle man named 'Swami Vibekananda' at first gave importance on benefits of meditation from scientific angle.But that time majority people couldn't understand actually what he wants to say.But today 1200 million people are benefited by doing regular Meditation.
What is Meditation ?
It refers the state of mind when mind can fully concentrate on a specific think by ignoring other unimportant thinks.It is followed by the scientists that,in the time of doing meditation there were 8-10 cycle of alpha wave frequency in one's brain.they say that at this condition brain works best.
Quantum healing & meditation:- Actually quantum method & meditation are not same.Quantum method is a kinds of process that helps a person to get the level of full concentration on specific topics.For different kinds of people, process and timing of keeping full concentration in a think is different,so the method of quantum varying guy to guy.20+ Benefits of Meditation:-
With meditation, the physiology undergoes a change and every cell in the body is filled with more strength. This results in joy,peace, enthusiasm.
On a physical level,advantages of meditation:-
2.Meditation for anxiety:-lowers the level of blood lactate reducing anxiety attacks.
3.Decreases any tension related pain such as tension headaches,ulcers,insomnia,muscle &joint problems.
4.Increase serotonin production that improves mood &behavior.
5.Improves the immune system.
6.Increases the energy level,as you gain an inner source of energy.
Health & Mental Benefits of Meditation:-
Meditation brings the brainwave pattern into an Alpha state that promotes healing. The mind becomes fresh, delicate and beautiful. With regular practice of meditation:-Anxiety decreases,Emotional stability improves, Creativity increases,Happiness increases,Intuition develops, Gain clarity and peace of mind,Problems become smaller. Meditation sharpens the mind by gaining focus and expands through relaxation.A sharp mind without expansion causes tension, anger and frustration .An expanded consciousness without sharpness can lead to lack of action/progress.The balance of a sharp mind and an expanded consciousness brings perfection.Meditation makes you aware - that your inner attitude determines your happiness into the environment, bringing harmony to the planet.
Other Benefits of Meditation:
1.Emotional steadiness and harmony.It cleanses and nourishes you from within and calms you,whenever you feel overwhelmed , unstable,or emotionally shut down.
2.Meditation brings harmony in creation.When you meditate, you are in the space of vastness,calmness and joy and this is what you need.
3.It's also helpful for good sleeping.
Personal Transformation:-
Meditation can bring about a true personal transformation. As you learn more about yourself, you’ll naturally start discovering more about yourself.
To experience the benefits of meditation, regular practice is
necessary. It takes only a few minutes every day. Once imbibed into the daily routine, meditation becomes the best part of your day!
Bye the way,more easier some types of meditation are:
Loving Kindness Meditation (Metta Meditation):-
(oneself,a good friend,a “neutral” person,a difficult person) they are equally and then gradually the entire universe The feeling to be developed is that of wishing happiness and well-being for all. This practice may be assist by reciting specific words or sentences that bid the “boundless warm-hearted feeling”, visualizing the suffering of others and sending love; or by imagining the state of another being, and wishing him happiness and peace.
Mantra Meditation (OM Meditation) by hindusism:-
Mantra is a syllable or word, that is repeated for the purpose of focusing your mind.Mantras are used in Hindu traditions, Buddhist traditions (especially Tibetan and “Pure Land” Buddhism), as well as in Jainism, Sikhism and Daoism (Taoism). it is usually practiced sitting with spine erect, and eyes closed. The practitioner then repeats the mantra in his mind, silently, over and over again during the whole session.Sometimes this practice is coupled with being aware of the breathing or coordinating with it. In other exercises, the mantra is actually whispered very lightly and softly, as an aid to concentration.
Mindfulness Meditation:-
For practiceing it, sit on a cushion on the floor, or on a chair, with straight and unsupported back. Pay close attention to the movement of your breath. When you breath in, be aware that you are breathing in, and how it feels. When you breath out, be make sure that you are breathing out. Do like this for the length of your meditation practice, constantly redirecting the attention to the breath, Or you can move on to be paying attention to the sensations, thoughts and feelings that emerge.
Yoga Meditations:-
From different types of meditation practiced in Yoga,The most common and universal one is the “third eye meditation”.For doing it focusing the attention on the “spot between the eyebrows”. The attention is constantly redirected to this point, as a means to silence the mind. By time the “silent gaps” between thoughts get wider and deeper. Sometimes this is connected by physically “looking”, with eyes closed, towards that spot.
CHINESE MEDITATION:-
From different types of chinese meditation most finest three are:-
Emptiness meditation: sit quietly and empty oneself of all mental images (thoughts, feelings, and so on), to “forget about everything”, in order to experience inner quiet and emptiness. In this state, vital force and “spirit” is collected and replenished. This is similar to the Confucius discipline of “heart-mind fasting”, and it is regarded as “the natural way”. One simply allows all thoughts and sensations arise and fall by themselves, without engaging with or “following” any of them. If this is found to be too hard and “uninteresting”, the student is instructed with other types of meditation, such as visualization.
Breathing meditation(Zhuanqi):-
Focus on the breath, or “unite mind and qi”. The instruction is “focus your vital breath until it is supremely soft”. Sometimes this is done by simply quietly observing the breath; in other traditions it is by following certain patterns of exhalation and inhalation, so that one becomes directly aware of the “dynamisms of Heaven and Earth” through ascending and descending breath.
Neiguan: visualizing inside one’s body and mind, including the organs, “inner deities”, qi (vital force) movements, and thought processes. It’s a process of acquainting oneself with the wisdom of nature in your body.
[Get idea about other kinds of meditation](wikipedia)
more it blossoms.Busy people from all backgrounds are grateful to pause and enjoy a refreshing few minutes of meditation each day. Dive deep into yourself & enrich your mind.
Meditation in Islam
Hindusism meditation(wikipedia)
Helpful video tutorial for practising yoga or meditation
New wonder of science "bacterium vs plastic"
Upcoming technology "Smart contact lens"
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